<p> </p>
<ol>
<li><em><strong>Reinforcement is a general term used in AS3600-2009 Concrete Structures and by designers, reinforcement processors and building contractors. When designing a reinforcement schedule / specification, engineers will list material requirements on sectional details, specifications, work orders, scope of works and the like. Explain the below examples of preferred specifications which may be found on a typical working drawing.</strong></em></li>
</ol>
<p>Answer:</p>
<table class="table table-bordered" width="696">
<tbody>
<tr>
<td width="199">
<p><strong>Specification</strong></p>
</td>
<td width="497">
<p><strong>Meaning</strong></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td width="199">
<p><strong>SL92</strong></p>
</td>
<td width="497">
<p>The first digit relates to the diameter of the bars, and the mesh is specified square mesh for reinforcement. The last number represents the bar spacing.</p>
<p> </p>
<p>For example, SL92 has a diameter of 9 mm bars, which are on a grid of 200 mm apart.</p>
<p> </p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td width="199">
<p><strong>8-N28</strong></p>
</td>
<td width="497">
<p>The size of steel reinforcement used in bottom reinforcement is specified, with 8 being the steel size and N28 being the product number.</p>
<p> </p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td width="199">
<p><strong>20-N16-200</strong></p>
</td>
<td width="497">
<p>The N16 section refers to the diameter of the reinforcing rod, while the 200 indicates that the rods should be placed 200 mm apart. 20 is the result of tying the materials together.</p>
<p> </p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td width="199">
<p><strong>6-R10-150-T1</strong></p>
</td>
<td width="497">
<p>This suggests that the reinforcing steel utilised at the top layer of the construction was 6 Tor steel, 10mm at 150mm CRS.</p>
<p> </p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td width="199">
<p><strong>ARCN102</strong></p>
</td>
<td width="497">
<p>This is a course code for Architecture's History of Structure.</p>
<p> </p>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<p> </p>
<ol start="2">
<li><em><strong>Name 2 environmental protection regulations specific to reinforcing.</strong></em></li>
</ol>
<p>Answer:</p>
<ul class="unordered-listing">
<li>Environment Protection Act 1993</li>
<li>National Environment Protection Measures</li>
</ul>
<p> </p>
<ol start="3">
<li><em><strong>Interpret the illustration shown below. (Refer to the Annex 1 re-enforcement plan and re-enforcement notes document)</strong></em></li>
</ol>
<p>Answer: The N12 component refers to the metal rod's diameter, while the 200 part indicates that the rods should be placed 200 mm apart. As a result, the metal employed in the reinforcement can be seen.<br /><br /></p>
<ol start="4">
<li><em><strong>Interpret the placement of slab reinforcement. (Refer to the Annex 1 re-enforcement plan and re-enforcement notes document)</strong></em></li>
</ol>
<p>Answer: Designers usually describe the reinforcement position by specifying concrete cover (1 1/2 to 2 inches) for the reinforcement in this scenario. Although it is not suggested to place a single layer of reinforcement in the slab's middle or mid-depth (except for 4-inch-thick slabs).</p>
<p> </p>
<ol start="5">
<li><em><strong>There have been serious accidents including fatalities during the off-loading and storage of bundles of cut and bent reinforcement. What measures can be put in place to eliminate vehicle movement accidents and/or people struck by a truck or lifting equipment? Provide 3 examples.</strong></em></li>
</ol>
<p>Answer: Keep Workspaces Clean in order for the car to move across a broad area. It is necessary to be informed of what is happening on the site at any given time and to exercise caution. On the jobsite, it is necessary to avoid taking shortcuts.</p>
<p>While on the job site, adequate equipment for hazard prevention should be provided.</p>
<p> </p>
<ol start="6">
<li><em><strong>What PPE should be worn whilst cutting reinforcing bars? List 6.</strong></em></li>
</ol>
<p>Answer: There are the PPE that needs to be worn whilst cutting reinforcing bars;</p>
<ul class="unordered-listing">
<li>Gloves</li>
<li>Eye protection</li>
<li>Tucks in shoestrings</li>
<li>Pants legs</li>
<li>Dust mask</li>
<li>Hard hat</li>
</ul>
<p> </p>
<ol start="7">
<li><em><strong>What are 3 risks relating to the ends of protruding reinforcement? How are these hazards/risks reduced or eliminated? (Refer to the Annex 1 re-enforcement plan and re-enforcement notes document)</strong></em></li>
</ol>
<p>Answer: Various risks can end the protruding reinforcement but below are the three risks;</p>
<ul class="unordered-listing">
<li>pinch points</li>
<li>striking other works</li>
<li>muscle strains due to heavy lifting</li>
</ul>
<p>These can be minimised by ensuring that there is adequate lighting. Where formwork, projecting rebar, and rebar cages are present, restrict access to the work area. Again Provide fall protection/prevention when personnel are operating at a height above exposed rebar. The first and most effective line of protection against impalement is this.</p>
<p> </p>
<ol start="8">
<li><em><strong>List 6 tools and equipment used to place and fix reinforcement.</strong></em></li>
</ol>
<p>Answer:</p>
<ul class="unordered-listing">
<li>Bolt cutter</li>
<li>Hickey bar</li>
<li>Manual rebar cutter</li>
<li>Manual rebar bender</li>
<li>Chalk lines</li>
<li>Safety gear</li>
</ul>
<p> </p>
<ol start="9">
<li><em><strong>Why must tools and equipment be checked? At what stage of the job is this done?</strong></em></li>
</ol>
<p>Answer: Before using any tool or equipment, make sure it is thoroughly inspected to ensure that it is safe to use and that all systems are functioning correctly. There is no need to use the tool if any of the safety measures are malfunctioning. This is done when the maker or supplier inspects the tool or equipment before supplying it, or before utilizing it in the workplace.</p>
<p> </p>
<ol start="10">
<li><em><strong>List 6 points to consider when ordering, accepting delivery, and temporarily storing reinforcement materials.</strong></em></li>
</ol>
<p>Answer:</p>
<ul class="unordered-listing">
<li>It is necessary to think about the cost of ordering.</li>
<li>It's important to think about how you'll communicate your message.</li>
<li>There is a requirement to examine the storage space for materials.</li>
<li>It's important to think about when you'll start working on the job.</li>
<li>The material's quality must be taken into account.</li>
<li>It's important to think about how much material you'll need.</li>
</ul>
<p><em> </em></p>
<ol start="11">
<li><em><strong>If 6 m lengths of trench mesh were laid in the footings around the perimeter of the house, how many lengths would be required for two layers of mesh? The mesh must overlap at the corners and where two sheets meet, the overlap must be 500 mm. Note that the mesh lengths can be cut if necessary.</strong></em></li>
</ol>
<p>Answer: For the one layer of mesh=(6+6+6+1.5+12)= 31.5 +(0.5*4)=31.5+2=33.5 m</p>
<p>Thus the total wire required is 33.5*2= 67 m</p>
<p> </p>
<ol start="12">
<li><em><strong>Name 2 environmental protection regulations specific to reinforcing.</strong></em></li>
</ol>
<p>Answer:</p>
<ul class="unordered-listing">
<li>The law that protects the pollution</li>
<li>The act that protects the forest</li>
</ul>
<p> </p>
<ol start="13">
<li><em><strong>How can violations against environmental regulations be reported?</strong></em></li>
</ol>
<p>Answer: If you have knowledge about acts that may hurt or have the potential to harm the Australian environment, or suspected breaches of Commonwealth environment legislation, you should report it to the relevant Australian Government department, according to the law.</p>
<p> </p>
<ol start="14">
<li><em><strong>All formwork must comply with which Australian standard?</strong></em></li>
</ol>
<p>Answer: All formworks must comply with Australian Standard AS 3610-1995 Formwork for Concrete or Western Australia.</p>
<p> </p>
<ol start="15">
<li><em><strong>Mitch needs to bend a quantity of reinforcement bars, in accordance with the plans and specifications. However, Mitch has left his power bending tool on another job site 4 hours away. Apprentice Riley suggests that Mitch use a hammer and pipe. Comment on this scenario.</strong></em></li>
</ol>
<p>Answer: This is not advised since it suggests bad tool usage and, again, indicates that the site is not adequately prepared because it lacks the necessary tools for a certain task. There should be a specific instrument for bending large quantities of reinforcing bars.</p>
<p><em> </em></p>
<ol start="16">
<li><em><strong>Reinforcement bars must be tied in accordance with the plans and specifications. What material is used to secure bars and mesh in place?</strong></em></li>
</ol>
<p>Answer: The British Standard 4449: 2009 Steel for the Reinforcement of Concrete specifies rebar specifications. Reinforcing steel that can be welded. Rebar is used as a reinforcing material in secure bars and mesh.</p>
<p> </p>
<ol start="17">
<li><em><strong>What is the standard sheet size of mesh welded fabric, and how many sheets will be required for one layer of reinforcement to a concrete slab measuring 6000mm x 4000mm? (Refer to the Annex 1 re-enforcement plan and re-enforcement notes document)</strong></em></li>
</ol>
<p>Answer: The standard sheet size of mesh welded fabric is 200mm by 200mm thus to get this,it is =(6000*4000)/(200*200)=30*20=600 sheets</p>
<p> </p>
<ol start="18">
<li><em><strong>Why are stiffening rods cast into concrete tilt panel constructions?</strong></em></li>
</ol>
<p>Answer: Panels may be made in a variety of forms and sizes, including flat and curved portions, by raising or tilting panels with a crane to construct the walls of structures. Because it is done on the ground, concrete laying is quick and simple.</p>
<p> </p>
<ol start="19">
<li><em><strong>Chairs and spacers are used to position steel reinforcement so that the durability, strength and serviceability of the structure is in accordance with the design specification. AS3600-2009 considers bar chairs and spacers as embedded items. What is the main purpose of these chairs and spacers?</strong></em></li>
</ol>
<p>Answer: Concrete spacers and chairs offer support for both reinforcing mesh and bar, ensuring that the reinforcement is properly covered with concrete.</p>
<p> </p>
<ol start="20">
<li><em><strong>Explain how the fabric sheets are to be lapped. (Refer to the Annex 1 re-enforcement plan and re-enforcement notes document)</strong></em></li>
</ol>
<p>Answer: The fabric sheets should be 300 mm wider than the mesh. The part implanted in the wall must be connected around the bottom bars when installing the starters.</p>
<p> </p>
<ol start="21">
<li><em><strong>What must be done with reinforcement bars at penetrations? (Refer to the Annex 1 re-enforcement plan and re-enforcement notes document)</strong></em></li>
</ol>
<p>Answer: Corrosion inhibiting admixtures must be used in reinforcement bars at penetrations to prevent the bars from corroding.</p>
<p> </p>
<ol start="22">
<li><em><strong>How will the reinforcement be supported? (Refer to the Annex 1 re-enforcement plan and re-enforcement notes document)</strong></em></li>
</ol>
<p>Answer: It can be supported by adding steel plates with vertical screw bolts to increase the slab's shear bearing capacity, strengthening the slab with post stressed reinforcement, and adding steel beams.</p>
<p> </p>
<ol start="23">
<li><em><strong>Where should bar chairs be placed, and how must the reinforcement bars be tied? (Refer to the Annex 1 re-enforcement plan and re-enforcement notes document)</strong></em></li>
</ol>
<p>Answer:For steel fabric, the bar seats must be spaced at no more than 800 mm centres. When putting wall reinforcing bars in place, the ties should be spaced far enough apart to prevent the bars from slipping while the concrete is poured. CRSI suggests using a snap or snap and wrap tie in most circumstances, however a snap tie will do in most cases.</p>
<p> </p>
<ol start="24">
<li><em><strong>Drafters are to ensure that drawings accurately show a clear picture of the fitment of reinforcing bars relative to which of the following? </strong></em></li>
</ol>
<p>Answer:</p>
<ul class="unordered-listing">
<li>Any recesses</li>
<li>Cast-in items</li>
<li>Any obstruction that may be present in any concrete element which is being detailed</li>
<li>All of above</li>
</ul>
<p> </p>
<ol start="25">
<li><em><strong>List 3 cutting methods/tools and equipment which may be used to cut reinforcing bars to length.</strong></em></li>
</ol>
<p>Answer: This can be cut using;</p>
<ul class="unordered-listing">
<li>metal cutting hacksaw blade</li>
<li>reciprocating saw</li>
<li>portable bandsaw</li>
</ul>
<p>The above can be cut using methods like;</p>
<ul class="unordered-listing">
<li>bolt cutters method</li>
<li>circular saws method</li>
<li>Cut it using vice or pipe</li>
</ul>
<p> </p>
<ol start="26">
<li><em><strong>Before any concrete is placed, the reinforcement should be checked for suitability and compliance. List 8 points which should be examined as part of the steel-fixers inspection program. (Refer to the Annex 1 re-enforcement plan and re-enforcement notes document)</strong></em></li>
</ol>
<p>Answer:</p>
<ul class="unordered-listing">
<li>A construction schedule</li>
<li>Certified mill test or bar coating reports</li>
<li>Approved placing drawing</li>
<li>Reinforcing bar inspection</li>
<li>Bar supports</li>
<li>Potential problems</li>
<li>Material inspection</li>
<li>Rebar tying requirements</li>
</ul>
<p> </p>
<ol start="27">
<li><em><strong>What are the specifications for cover to reinforcement? (Refer to the Annex 1 re-enforcement plan and re-enforcement notes document)</strong></em></li>
</ol>
<p>Answer: For foundations on a lean concrete layer, the minimum needed cover thickness of the foundation reinforcement is about 40 mm, while for foundations in direct contact with the soil, it is around 70 mm. A point, or even better, linear spacers, can be used to generate the requisite coverage.</p>
<p> </p>
<ol start="28">
<li><em><strong>At the end of the job, you are left with a pile of offcuts from the reinforcing bars and mesh. What will you do with them? (Refer to the Annex 1 re-enforcement plan and re-enforcement notes document)</strong></em></li>
</ol>
<p>Answer: The cut-offs can be gathered and utilised for riveting in any appropriate manner, or they can be added to the reinforcement to strengthen the slab. These offcuts can be sold and profited from.</p>
<p> </p>
<ol start="29">
<li><em><strong>What needs to be done with all tools and equipment at the end of each day? (Refer to the Annex 1 re-enforcement plan and re-enforcement notes document)</strong></em></li>
</ol>
<p>Answer: All tools and equipment must be cleaned if feasible at the end of the day and returned to the store for tomorrow's job.</p>
<p> </p>