<ol>
<li><em><strong>What is AS 1684 and what is its purpose?</strong></em></li>
</ol>
<p>The standard code AS 1684 is also known as the Residential Timber Framed Construction which has been included within the Australian standard as its four-part. This part basically covers the criteria which is used for designing and practicing the building, tie-downs, bracing and span tables for the members of the Timber frame company. This code is also referred to Timber framing code.</p>
<p>The purpose of this code is to provide procedures to the building industry which can practice to determine the building practices.<br /><br /></p>
<ol start="2">
<li><em><strong>For ‘suspended ceilings’, the ceiling framing and design must be installed in accordance with the requirements of which Australian Standard?</strong></em></li>
</ol>
<p>AS 2785-1985: Suspended ceilings- Design and Installation.<br /><br /></p>
<ol start="3">
<li><em><strong>The purpose of maintaining risk controls is to ensure that they are working as originally intended and continue to prevent or adequately control risk associated work activities. What does maintenance of control measures need to include? Provide 4 examples.</strong></em></li>
</ol>
<p>Following are the four examples:</p>
<ul class="unordered-listing">
<li>Always keep the people out from barricade if there is any sort of risk.</li>
<li>Try eliminate the risks as soon as possible.</li>
<li>To have a safe access on the exit at the workplace which can be used in case of emergency.</li>
<li>Signs should be placed properly which can inform the person or the people about the risks or the danger.</li>
</ul>
<br />
<ol start="4">
<li><em><strong>How often must a safety data sheet be reviewed and reissued?</strong></em></li>
</ol>
<p>Safety data sheet need to be reviewed after every 3 years and it also need to update if required once it has been reviewed.<br /><br /></p>
<ol start="5">
<li><em><strong>Constructing ceiling framing presents risks and hazards. Working at heights is only one such risk. What PPE and safety measures are required when performing this type of work?</strong></em></li>
</ol>
<table class="table table-bordered">
<tbody>
<tr>
<td width="301">
<p>List 4 PPE</p>
</td>
<td width="301">
<p>Face shields</p>
<p>Impact goggles</p>
<p>Laser safety glasses</p>
<p>General safety glasses</p>
<p> </p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td width="301">
<p>Outline 4 safety measures</p>
</td>
<td width="301">
<p>·         Your safety is always your personal responsibility</p>
<p>·         Always follow the instruction in order to stay safe.</p>
<p>·         Avoid taking short cuts</p>
<p>·         Always clean the mess at your workspace as it is your responsibility to clear the workspace.</p>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<p> </p>
<ol start="6">
<li><em><strong>What tools and equipment would a carpenter commonly use in constructing ceiling frames? List 10.</strong></em></li>
</ol>
<ul class="unordered-listing">
<li>Saws</li>
<li>Chisels</li>
<li>Hammer</li>
<li>String line</li>
<li>Measuring tape</li>
<li>Pencil</li>
<li>Power tools</li>
<li>Nail guns</li>
<li>Nails and screws</li>
<li>Torch</li>
</ul>
<br />
<ol start="7">
<li><em><strong>Confirming the scope of works to be carried out is an essential requirement before commencing any project. Where could you find relevant instructions and information regarding work information? Identify 5 sources.</strong></em></li>
</ol>
<ul class="unordered-listing">
<li>Employer and industry associations</li>
<li>Government acts and regulations</li>
<li>WHS inspectorates and training courses</li>
<li>Industry pamphlets</li>
<li>Newsletters</li>
</ul>
<br />
<ol start="8">
<li><em><strong>If a ceiling is required to be fire-resistant, what provision may be required for the ceiling lining material?</strong></em></li>
</ol>
<p>In order to make the ceiling resistant the provision which is required to be used is the deemed-to-satisfy of the NCC which is used for any sort of wall or the ceiling it is the lining material which comes under the Group Number 3.<br /><br /></p>
<ol start="9">
<li><em><strong>The ‘three Rs’ of waste minimisation should be applied throughout the design and construction process. What are the 3 R’s? List and briefly describe each.</strong></em></li>
</ol>
<p>Three R’s which are being used in order to minimise the waste that is required to be applied throughout the designs are as follows:</p>
<ol>
<li>Reuse</li>
<li>Reduce</li>
<li>Recycle</li>
</ol>
<p><strong>Reuse: </strong>This R means to reuse the materials which has been left out and, in a condition, to be used at the time of construction. As this will help in spoiling or wasting the will surely help in conserving them for long-period of time.</p>
<p><strong>Reduce: </strong>Reduce means to eliminate or lessen the use of resources at the time of manufacturing, transporting and disposing the products.</p>
<p><strong>Recycle: </strong>This R means to recycle the waste in simple words it means to convert the waste that are being left once the construction is over, in to the new products. This change can be made by making some of the changes in their chemical as well as physical form.<br /><br /></p>
<ol start="10">
<li><em><strong>Explain the difference between passive and active fire control measures</strong></em></li>
</ol>
<table class="table table-bordered">
<tbody>
<tr>
<td width="301">
<p><strong>Passive Fire Control</strong></p>
</td>
<td width="301">
<p><strong>Active Fire Control</strong></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td width="301">
<p>Passive Fire control is all about the measures that are required to be taken in order have resistance from the fire</p>
</td>
<td width="301">
<p>Active fire controls is all about the system which required to be involved to provide a triggered responses of the fire.</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td width="301">
<p>This system involves the protection or preventing the flames of the fire and helps in resisting them at the first place only.</p>
</td>
<td width="301">
<p>This system involves by initiating the flames and the actions which need to be taken according to the manuals or they have programmed.</p>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<p> </p>
<ol start="11">
<li><em><strong>Label the following, on the diagram below.</strong></em></li>
</ol>
<ul class="unordered-listing">
<li>Span  </li>
<li>Ceiling joists</li>
<li>Overbatten    </li>
<li>Spacing</li>
</ul>
<p><img src="data:image/png;base64,[encoded data, 93240 characters]" alt="" width="729" height="367" /> <br /><br /></p>
<ol start="12">
<li><em><strong>Describe each of the ceiling frame terms below.</strong></em></li>
</ol>
<table class="table table-bordered">
<tbody>
<tr>
<td width="301">
<p>Construction Term</p>
</td>
<td width="301">
<p>Description</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td width="301">
<p>Ceiling Batten</p>
</td>
<td width="301">
<p>Ceiling Batten is a sort of material which is being used to fix at the inner side of the ceiling joists and it also helps in providing the support to the lining material of the ceiling.</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td width="301">
<p>Ceiling Joists</p>
</td>
<td width="301">
<p>Ceiling Joists are one of the horizontal member which helps in providing the structure to the which can help the ceiling to get fix and also helps in supporting and fixing rafters diagonally and also provide shape to the roof once it het attached at the top.</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td width="301">
<p>Ceiling Joists ties</p>
</td>
<td width="301">
<p>Ceiling joists ties are quite faster that the ceiling joists in order to hang the roof on the beam.</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td width="301">
<p>Ceiling Load width</p>
</td>
<td width="301">
<p>Ceiling load width is the considered as the total distances which has to be calculated from both the sides of the Hanging Beam of hallway considering the nearest distances which is next to the ceiling joists support</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td width="301">
<p>Ceiling trimmer</p>
</td>
<td width="301">
<p>Ceiling trimmers are usually used where there is no joists available to provide the support to the plasterboard ceiling. Ceiling trimmers are generally referred to the supplied flat and is to be folded before from its installation</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td width="301">
<p>Combined strutting/ counter beams</p>
</td>
<td width="301">
<p>Combined strutting refers to the beam which is designed in order to handle the weight of the hanging beams and of the roof struts too.</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td width="301">
<p>Combined strutting/ hanging beams</p>
</td>
<td width="301">
<p>These are being designed to support or to handle the beam of the ceiling which has the hanging beams and of the roof</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td width="301">
<p>Continuous Span</p>
</td>
<td width="301">
<p>A continuous span is considered as the series of span of consecutive span which means it supports three or more than three spans which are connected so that bending movement may happens</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td width="301">
<p>Counter beams</p>
</td>
<td width="301">
<p>Counter beam which is attached with the platen which exists within the rods of the printing machines and helps in communicating with the platen of reciprocating motion.</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td width="301">
<p>Coupled roof</p>
</td>
<td width="301">
<p>Coupled roof is known as the simplest form of pitched roof. While constructing this roof rafter slope is constructed in the upwards position from both the opposite floors which will meet on the ridged piece in the middle.</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td width="301">
<p>Crippled member</p>
</td>
<td width="301">
<p>Crippled member is a member which has the partial cut in order to remove the spring or the bow from it.</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td width="301">
<p>Half span</p>
</td>
<td width="301">
<p>Half span is a sort of roof which has a single pitch and will surely carried by the wall which is higher than the roof.</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td width="301">
<p>Hanging beam (or hanger)</p>
</td>
<td width="301">
<p>Hanging beam  refers to the timber beam which is located at the deep and is located perpendicular which means it makes 90 degree angles to the ceiling joists which move directly above them.</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td width="301">
<p>Interpolation</p>
</td>
<td width="301">
<p>The term interpolation means to calculate the of the information that has been stated with the values of the span table.</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td width="301">
<p>Joists strap</p>
</td>
<td width="301">
<p>Joists strap is the strap which is being used to fix the ceiling joists with the hanging beam and the rafters.</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td width="301">
<p>Non-coupled roof</p>
</td>
<td width="301">
<p>Non-couple roof is the roof which does not have the requirement of the collar ties and its length will be based on the design of the rafter.</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td width="301">
<p>Over batten</p>
</td>
<td width="301">
<p>Over batten is the retrofit system which is being used to connect the beams that is on the top of the roof which is at the foundations in order to make the roof more safe.</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td width="301">
<p>Span</p>
</td>
<td width="301">
<p>Span is considered as the distance which is being covered across the building, which means it is the distance which covers the one side of the building which is outside and is of the other side of the buildings.</p>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<p> </p>
<ol start="13">
<li><em><strong>Generally speaking, where are ceiling joists located, and to what other framing members are they fixed to?</strong></em></li>
</ol>
<p>Ceiling joists is located and is hidden behind the layer of the drywall or the plaster.</p>
<p>Ceiling joists is being fixed with the hanging beams, these hanging beams are perpendicular and makes the angle of 92 degree across the top of the joists which will help in joining both of them together.</p>
<p>And ceiling joists also helps in joining the strutting beams also.<br /><br /></p>
<ol start="14">
<li><em><strong>What formula is used to calculate the number of ceiling joists?</strong></em></li>
</ol>
<p>Length of building ÷ Joist spacing + 1</p>
<ol start="15">
<li><em><strong>Explain the 3 step procedure for the set out and erection of ceiling frames.</strong></em></li>
</ol>
<p>Following are the three step procedures for the set out and the erection of ceiling frames are:</p>
<ul class="unordered-listing">
<li>Having a look at the plates of the top walls that it need to be straight.</li>
<li>Wall frames is required to be in the square manner.</li>
<li>Ceiling Joists is required to be cut according to the length and need to be properly fixed into the desired positions and should be fixed it up with double skew nailing ends.</li>
</ul>
<br />
<ol start="16">
<li><em><strong>Explain the function of ceiling joists.</strong></em></li>
</ol>
<p>The function of the ceiling joists is to provide a proper structure in order to fix the ceiling, and will also helps in providing the support and to will help to fix the diagonal rafters that will provide to define the shape of the roof.<br /><br /></p>
<ol start="17">
<li><em><strong>Outline the procedure to install a ceiling joist</strong></em></li>
</ol>
<p>Following are the procedure to install a ceiling joists:</p>
<p>Beam should be marked, usually by the double or the triple at least by 2- by 8, in the position where the ceiling joists mentioned to be inserted by the architectural plan.</p>
<p>Usually the space need to be of the atleast 16 inches from the centre and the need to be in the seismic areas, there are certain circumstances where it can be of at least 24 inches at the centre.<br /><br /></p>
<ol start="18">
<li><em><strong>How do you determine the required span for ceiling joists?</strong></em></li>
</ol>
<p>Table 21 of AS 1684.2 for details about the required spans for ceiling joists.<br /><br /></p>
<ol start="19">
<li><em><strong>Can strutting beams double as hanging beams? Explain why or why not.</strong></em></li>
</ol>
<p>No, strutting beams can not be double as the hanging beams, because these beams seem to sag and they will also make the ceiling looks sagging if it gets doubled.<br /><br /></p>
<ol start="20">
<li><em><strong>Can strutting beams double as hanging beams? Explain why or why not.</strong></em></li>
</ol>
<p>No, strutting beams cannot be double as the hanging beams, because these beams seem to sag and they will also make the ceiling looks sagging if it gets doubled. These beams also transfer the load of the roof which are often dynamic when there is high pressure of wind is there on the roof.<br /><br /></p>
<ol start="21">
<li><em><strong>Why is the hanging beam secured to timber blocks sitting and fixed on the top wall plate?</strong></em></li>
</ol>
<p>Hanging Beam is secured to make the timber blocks sitting and fixed on the top wall plate because it has to line up at the bottom of the beam and it along with the top of the joists. These hanging beams has to be launched or inserted properly as the ends over the hanging beam need to be supported so that it can bear the load of the walls.<br /><br /></p>
<ol start="22">
<li><em><strong>If a hanging beam is supported by an external wall, it is sometimes necessary to angle cut the end of the beam. What is the reason for this, and to what angle would this cut normally be made?</strong></em></li>
</ol>
<p>Following are the reasons:</p>
<ul class="unordered-listing">
<li>Cutting of fouling roof is required to be stopped</li>
<li>Roof Pitch angle</li>
</ul>
<br />
<ol start="23">
<li><strong><em>List 3 ways in which ceiling joists can be fixed to the hanging beam</em></strong></li>
</ol>
<ul class="unordered-listing">
<li>Purpose made metal joists hanger brackets</li>
<li>Timber batters</li>
<li>Hoop iron straps</li>
</ul>
<p> </p>
<ol start="24">
<li><em><strong>What measures can builders employ, to minimise the amount of waste that is produced during construction? Give 2 examples.</strong></em></li>
</ol>
<ul class="unordered-listing">
<li>Pre-fabricated components is required to be used.</li>
<li>There are certain products or the items which always required to be replaced almost in every project which includes certain things such as: sinks, counter-tops or the bath tabs.</li>
</ul>
<br />
<ol start="25">
<li><em><strong>Outline 3 reasons for safety/lockout tagging of faulty tools and equipment</strong></em></li>
</ol>
<p>Following are the three reasons for the safety/ lockout tagging of the faulty tools and the equipment’s:</p>
<ul class="unordered-listing">
<li>There can be start-up of unintended or the motion of the machinery, equipment, or the processes.</li>
<li>When there can be contact with a hazard while performing a suitable task</li>
<li>Loose safe gaurds.</li>
</ul>